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Jonathan Franzen
Jonathan Earl Franzen (born August 17, 1959) is an American novelist and essayist. His 2001 novel, ''The Corrections'', a sprawling, satirical family drama, drew widespread critical acclaim, earned Franzen a National Book Award, was a Pulitzer Prize for Fiction finalist, earned a James Tait Black Memorial Prize and was shortlisted for the International IMPAC Dublin Literary Award. His novel ''Freedom'' (2010) garnered similar praise and led to an appearance on the cover of ''Time'' magazine alongside the headline "Great American Novelist".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Freedom: A Novel )〕〔
Franzen writes for ''The New Yorker'' magazine. His 1996 ''Harper's'' essay ''Perchance to Dream'' bemoaned the state of contemporary literature. Oprah Winfrey's book club selection in 2001 of ''The Corrections'' led to a much publicized feud with the talk show host. In recent years, Franzen has become recognized for his opinions on everything from social networking services such as Twitter ("the ultimate irresponsible medium") and the proliferation of e-books ("just not permanent enough") to the disintegration of Europe ("The people making the decisions in Europe are bankers. The technicians of finance are making the decisions there. It has very little to do with democracy or the will of the people.") and the self-destruction of America ("almost a rogue state").
==Early life and education==
Franzen was born in Western Springs, Illinois, the son of Irene (née Super) and Earl T. Franzen. His father, raised in Minnesota, was an immigrant from Sweden of Swedish and Norwegian descent.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=IRENE EARL FRANZEN )〕 Franzen grew up in Webster Groves, a suburb of St. Louis, Missouri, and graduated from Swarthmore College with a degree in German in 1981.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jonathan Franzen '81 First Living American Novelist on Time Cover in Decade )〕 As part of his undergraduate education, he studied abroad in Germany during the 1979-80 academic year with Wayne State University's Junior Year in Munich program. Here he met Michael A. Martone, on whom he would later base the character Walter Berglund in ''Freedom''.〔Ferguson, Mark. "75 Years of the Junior Year in Munich." ''Die Unterrichtspraxis/Teaching of German'' 40.2 (Fall 2007): 124-132; p.132.〕 He also studied on a Fulbright Scholarship at Freie Universität Berlin in Berlin in 1981-82.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Jonathan Franzen )〕 From these experiences, he speaks fluent German. Upon graduation Franzen got married and moved with his wife to Boston to pursue a career as a novelist. When this plan fell through, they moved to New York, in 1987, where Franzen managed to sell his first novel, ''The Twenty-Seventh City''.
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